Veritas:副本出现时,如何让风险评分保持真实本文由 Reactive Network 中文社区译制,技术事实与边界以原文为准。
原文:https://blog.reactive.network/veritas-keeping-a-risk-score-true-as-copies-appear/
Veritas 是我们介绍 UHI9 Hookathon 六个项目中的第六个,也是最后一个。它把睿应式合约用在了一个此前项目都未涉及的场景中:当被衡量的对象悄然发生变化后,仍让链上保存的数值保持准确。完整项目代码托管在 GitHub,但仓库目前为私有状态,可能需要向所有者申请访问权限。项目网站可在这里查看。
Veritas 是一个服务于代币化内容资金池的 Uniswap v4 Hook。所谓代币化内容,可以是一张照片,也可以是其他已在链上登记、并围绕它建立资金池的媒体内容。
它要定价的是普通资金池通常忽略的一类风险:随着内容的副本和近似副本不断传播,原作赖以维持价值的稀缺性会被削弱,最终承担这部分损失的,是资金池中的流动性提供者——也就是存入两种代币、供其他用户进行兑换的人。
Veritas 为每项资产设置风险评分,并把它纳入资金池的兑换手续费:资产风险越高,手续费就越高,流动性提供者因承担风险而获得的补偿也越多。真正有意思的部分,也是 Reactive 参与其中的原因,在于这种风险究竟何时发生变化。
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01
风险来自别处
对普通自动做市商来说,一个持有独一无二照片的资金池,与一个持有一万份相同副本的资金池看起来完全一样。它无法识别稀缺性,也就无法为稀缺性消退带来的损失定价。
随着副本越来越多,内容价格会发生偏移,流动性提供者则要承担其中的差额,也就是无常损失:价格变动后,流动性提供者的最终处境比单纯持有两种代币更差。Veritas 会衡量一项内容被稀释的程度,将其汇总为单一风险评分,再让资金池手续费跟随这个评分变化。
但有一部分工作,Hook 无法独立完成。内容的稀释程度发生变化,并不是因为这项内容或其资金池自身做了什么,而是因为有人在别处登记了一个近似副本。
假设今天为一张原创照片创建证明——将它连同图像指纹一起登记到链上——此时它的副本数量为零。下周,一个近似副本也被登记,原作便在自身没有发生任何事件的情况下,突然变得不再像过去那样稀缺。
它的资金池没有发生交易,因此 Hook 没有运行;也没有人有理由再发送一笔交易,回头更新原作的记录。原本用于表示其风险的数值,就这样悄然失真了。
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02
睿应式合约监控什么
每项新内容都会被记录到 Unichain 上的注册合约中。登记发生时,注册表会发出一个 NewAttestation 事件。
Veritas 的睿应式合约 DilutionMonitorRC 部署在 Reactive 的 Lasna 测试网上,并订阅注册表发出的每一个此类事件,因为任何一项新证明,都有可能是某个既有内容的副本。
本系列此前介绍的项目,订阅的都是与单个资金池有关的事件。Veritas 则订阅整个注册表中新内容的出现,因为既有资产面临的风险正是从这里产生的。
Veritas 稀释风险评分更新流程
图中的 DRS 指资金池的稀释风险评分(Dilution Risk Score):它是 0 到 1 之间的单一数值,用来表示一项内容面临的复制风险,也是资金池手续费所跟踪的指标。
链上副本数量是其输入之一。因此,一项内容出现的近似副本越多,副本计数就越高,DRS 随之上升,资金池收取的手续费也会提高,以补偿流动性提供者承担的风险。
整个循环的目的,就是在新副本出现时让这个计数保持最新:注册表发出证明事件;Lasna 上的睿应式合约监听到事件,并转发新证明的 ID;随后,回到 Unichain 的回调会找到既有的近似副本,并提高它们的计数。
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03
从新证明到资金池重新定价
新证明到达后,react() 会运行。它有意只做一件很小的事:把新证明的 ID 转发给另一条链上的回调,仅此而已。它不会亲自搜索副本。
睿应式合约运行在受限环境中,无法以较低成本读取目标链保存的内容指纹,因此比较工作会留给更适合执行它的一侧。
真正的工作发生在目标链上的回调中。它读取新内容的指纹,向注册表查询已有记录中相似度足以被认定为近似副本的内容,再提高每条受影响既有记录的稀释计数。
该回调只监听 Reactive 官方回调代理发来的调用,注册表也只接受来自这一回调的计数增加请求。因此,唯一有权提高资产风险的合约,正是这条完整调用链末端的合约。
计数上升会推动评分变化:更高的稀释计数会抬高风险评分,资金池则会读取新评分,并在下一次兑换时立即收取更高的手续费。
这样一来,如果某个副本在上周悄然出现,让流动性提供者承担了额外风险,他们无需手动操作,也能因为继续承担这项风险而获得更多补偿。每次计数增加都被单独封装,因此即使某条记录被冻结或处于争议状态,也不会阻塞批次中的其他记录。
04
关于睿应层(Reactive Network)
Reactive Network 是一个基于睿应式合约构建的 EVM 自动化层。睿应式合约是一类面向跨链、链上自动化的事件驱动智能合约。
网络采用 CometBFT 共识,在保持完整 EVM 兼容性的同时,提供即时最终性和约 1 秒的出块时间。
睿应式合约可以订阅多条 EVM 链上的事件日志。当匹配事件发生时,它们会自动执行 Solidity 逻辑,并自主决定何时发送跨链回调交易。这一模型可以支持条件式跨链状态变更,以及持续运行的跨链工作流。
🔗 原文内相关链接
[1] https://reactive.network/
[2] https://blog.reactive.network/
[3] https://x.com/0xreactive
[4] https://t.me/Reactive_Network
[5] https://discord.com/invite/SaZAfkgZhj
[6] https://dev.reactive.network/
一次构建——处处响应!
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👉 请添加运营人员微信(Alc142)并备注【睿应层中文社群】Prime brokerage innovation... I too, open new horizons in cryptocurrency risk management.在加密货币市场的风险管理中,主要经纪业务正发挥着重要作用,Nadō也因此受到关注。Alea Research在最近的报告中指出,Nadō的目标是通过链上实现跨保证金和净额结算,以最大限度地提高资本效率。
Nadō将现货、永续合约和货币市场结合到一个统一的保证金系统中,在单一风险引擎下管理资产。这有助于交易者通过一个账户管理多种资产,同时提高资本效率。此外,Nadō的混合系统通过链下匹配和链上结算来提高交易速度并控制风险。
根据Alea Research的报告,此类系统可能对采用对冲及基差交易的交易者、持有跨产品投资组合的对冲基金以及专业做市商有益。特别是,Nadō的统一保证金系统可以提高对冲策略的资本效率,从而减少所需的抵押品,这有利于交易者利用更大资金建立多样化的头寸。
Nadō备受期待的原因之一是其通过永续合约交易产生的高交易量。最近30天内,Nadō的永续合约名义交易量已达到约159亿美元,这表明其正在市场中迅速确立地位。Nadō通过公开测试季扩展用户基础,并提供基于交易和NLP参与的点数空投等用户激励计划。
Nadō在Ink平台之上运营,并通过与Kraken的合作来支持生态系统内的流动性。这意味着它通过跨保证金和净额结算功能最大化资本效率,并在整个平台上对现货、永续合约和贷款产品的抵押品以及损益进行净额结算。Alea Research的报告认为,Nadō的经济模型通过清晰的挂单-吃单费用以及通过借贷和清算产生的收入而具有稳定性。这最终可能会引导Nadō朝着最大化资本回报率的方向发展,而非仅仅最小化费用。AI安全创新瞄准……威胁建模者收购IriusRisk网络安全威胁建模解决方案企业ThreatModeler收购了总部位于西班牙的竞争对手IriusRisk。通过此次收购,ThreatModeler得以进一步增强基于人工智能的安全分析技术,并大幅扩展在应用程序设计阶段的网络威胁预防能力。具体收购金额未公开。
企业在应用程序开发前的设计阶段,会构建威胁模型以预估和应对安全威胁。由于这一过程复杂且耗时,对支持自动化的软件需求巨大。ThreatModeler瞄准这一需求,一直提供包含基于AI的图表生成及漏洞分类自动化的威胁建模平台。
特别是,ThreatModeler利用AI技术分析各漏洞的严重程度,并优先处理实际黑客攻击可能性高的因素。其特点是能自动提供推荐的解决方案,从而提高安全负责人的响应速度。此次被收购的IriusRisk也运营着具备类似功能的威胁建模平台,并拥有差异化的功能。
IriusRisk支持一项名为“Bex AI”的功能,可帮助从开发初期阶段就识别安全漏洞。例如,它可以分析开发人员在Atlassian的Jira中记录的功能描述,自动检测可能削弱加密结构的设计问题。此外,该平台还提供可视化展示违反GDPR及HIPAA等各种法规可能性的功能。
通过此次收购,ThreatModeler的战略是加速产品整合与技术融合,跃升为能够从开发周期早期阶段到最终部署系统性地阻断安全漏洞的综合解决方案提供商。ThreatModeler曾在2024年被私募股权公司Invictus Growth Partners以约864亿韩元收购,通过此次收购,该投资公司将持有合并后法人的过半数股权。其余股权由IriusRisk的主要投资者Paladin Capital Group持有。Paladin曾在2022年主导了该初创公司290亿韩元规模的B轮融资。
预计两家公司的产品在威胁建模这一相同领域具有很高的协作可能性,未来有望扩大市场份额并加强在全球安全领域的地位。在AI编码时代,安全设计自动化正成为核心课题,此次收购被视为反映这一趋势的战略举措。
Exchanges Vs. Hardware Wallets: Risks of leaving your coins on an exchangeKey takeaways
Leaving crypto on exchanges puts your assets at risk.
Self-custody by way of a hardware wallet offers an option to 100% own your assets.
Hardware wallets securely generate and store your private key offline, providing a safeguard against online risks.
Heard of the Mt. Gox incidentin 2014? That's one of the most infamous bitcoin exchange hacks, where users lost approximately 740,000 bitcoins. Or, the unexpected closure of the QuadrigaCX exchange, leading to a significant loss of customer assets. More recently, the FTX exchange’s bankruptcy left many users in financial limbo. All these examples underscore the risks associated with leaving your assets on exchanges.
Yet, there are still over 400 million people who take the risk of keeping their crypto on exchanges 😕.
In this post, we’ll compare the benefits of self-custody over that of holding your coins on an exchange.
Your Crypto? Then why not Your Custody
When you purchase crypto on an exchange, those coins are not automatically withdrawn to your personal wallet. The exchange allocates your crypto funds to your account on their internal ledger but remains the custodian of it.
Think of it like your money sitting in a bank account. In traditional banking systems, your money and assets are under the control of third parties, making you susceptible to potential security risks, privacy breaches, and even access restrictions.
To truly own your crypto, you need a wallet that grants you full ownership of your assets. Self-custody.
In come, hardware wallets
Hardware wallets like Trezor offer an ideal solution for self-custody. A Trezor hardware wallet functions as your key manager. These wallets securely generate and store your private key offline, use this private key to enable crypto transactions, and generate public keys for receiving crypto. Most importantly, your private key never leaves the device, meaning it’s not exposed to the internet and potential hackers.
Ok. But exchanges are convenient
Despite benefits like convenience and liquidity, storing coins on an exchange comes with risks,
Exchange wallets are prime targets for hackers and cyber attacks. Billions of crypto assets have been lost in exchange breaches over the years. (Here’s a report by Cointelegraphthat puts into perspective the funds lost to exchange hacks in the last decade)
As custodians, exchanges could suspend withdrawals or withhold your assets in case of insolvency or investigation. You must trust them to remain solvent and grant you access.
Exchanges routinely collect personal customer data like ID verification for regulatory purposes. This exposes you to privacy invasion if systems are compromised.
Exchange outages can deny you access to your funds when you need them most, especially during volatile price swings.
Negate these risks with hardware wallets
Self-custody through hardware wallets extends,
Security and Control: You have direct control over your crypto, reducing risks related to hacking or third-party failures.
Privacy: Transacting under self-custody allows you to maintain privacy as you don’t need to disclose personal information to a third party.
Freedom: Enjoy individual financial sovereignty, a core tenet of decentralization.
a href="https://medium.com/media/0f384bc8eaa8859912d3517ae266d19e/href" rel="nofollow"https://medium.com/media/0f384bc8eaa8859912d3517ae266d19e/href/a
So, who wins? 🥊
There's just one winner in this competition — Hardware Wallets. Crypto exchanges provide convenience but come with significant centralized risks. To exercise true ownership of your coins, you must withdraw them to a hardware wallet where you control the private keys.
A hardware wallet Trezor functions as your key manager. These wallets securely generate and store your private key offline, providing a safeguard against hacks or third-party failures.
Don’t be lulled into a false sense of security by keeping coins on an exchange. Take control of your crypto now! Seen our latest Trezor model?
Exchanges Vs. Hardware Wallets: Risks of leaving your coins on an exchangewas originally published in Trezor Blogon Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
Risk Appetite for Altcoins Low As Liquidity Dries Up, According to Analytics Firm GlassnodeCrypto analytics firm Glassnode says that liquidity is drying up in the altcoin market as an appetite for risk-on assets declines.
In a new analysis, the firmsayskey altcoin metrics are at cycle lows indicating market weakness.
Says Glassnode,
“Liquidity continues to dry up across the digital assets as network settlement, exchange interaction and capital flows reside at cycle lows, heavily underscoring the current acute apathy experienced by the market.
The long-term holder cohort remains resolute as their supply continues to ascend to new ATHs (all-time highs) whilst HODLer growth remains robust, tightening the active tradeable supply.
Despite large fluctuations in valuation for altcoins, a symptom of the prevailing low liquidity environment, our new altcoin framework which simulates the waterfall effect of capital rotation suggests a risk-on regime is not in play, providing confluence to the lack of liquidity available to digital assets.”
Glassnode also says that the Bitcoin (BTC) “Hot Supply,” metric, which measures the volume of coins that have transacted within the last week, indicates BTC market liquidity is reaching lows last seen in prior bear markets.
“This lull in market liquidity is strikingly apparent when evaluating the Hot Supply metric…
To demonstrate just how quiet the Bitcoin supply is, we compare the Hot Supply to its long-term mean minus 0.5 standard deviations.
From this, we construct a framework to highlight periods of low and contracting market liquidity, where Hot Supply is below this Mean -0.5 SD level. These highlighted areas show that the current liquidity conditions remain similar to the 2014-15 and 2018-19 bear markets, having been in this condition for 535 days.”
Source: Glassnode/X
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Dark Side of Crypto ETF Approval: Unveiling the Hidden Risks and Challenges for Markets and InvestorsCryptocurrency exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have recently been trending as many companies seek approval to trade, stirring up a wave of enthusiasm and anticipation throughout the crypto community.
As financial vehicles that track the price of cryptocurrencies, these ETFs offer a novel and seemingly more accessible way for investors to enter the crypto market. However, amidst the euphoria and bullish outlooks, it is crucial to cast a discerning eye on the potential dark side of this development.
This article aims to shed light on the hidden risks and challenges that crypto ETFs present to both individual investors and the broader crypto market.
Centralization of Crypto Assets
Cryptocurrency exchanges come in various forms, with centralized exchanges, exemplified by platforms like FTX, being the most prevalent. Centralized exchanges retain control of their client’s private keys and typically mandate a Know Your Customer (KYC) process to deter unlawful activities.
In contrast, decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges operate on a decentralized, non-custodial blockchain system, facilitating direct peer-to-peer transactions. That eliminates the need for intermediaries, allowing users to bypass the KYC process. It is particularly significant for individuals living under repressive governments, offering them an opportunity to participate. Users also maintain full control over their private keys and assume sole responsibility for securing their funds, which can be staked to generate interest.
The cryptocurrency industry’s primary purpose is to provide these advantages, especially to unbanked individuals who lack access to traditional banking services. Conversely, ETFs are inherently centralized products, conflicting with the decentralized essence of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. They do not incorporate the foundational benefits of cryptocurrencies, nor do they encourage new users to engage in the space.
Moreover, ETFs introduce the concept of “paper” Bitcoin, which represents BTC only on a theoretical level. Without the ability to withdraw the purportedly owned Bitcoin, the potential for crises similar to those witnessed with FTX becomes more plausible in the future. That poses a threat to the core principles of decentralization and trustless transactions that underpin Bitcoin.
Regulatory Risks
The regulatory landscape surrounding crypto ETFs presents a significant array of challenges and risks. The approval processfor these financial products is complex, creating an air of uncertainty for investors. Government bodies like the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) have been cautious in approving ETFs linked to Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Their hesitance stems from concerns about potential fraud and manipulation within the underlying market.
Todd Rosenbluth, head of research at VettaFi, pointed out that the earlier expected government shutdown might further complicate matters for ETF applications seeking approval. He noted that with the SEC being potentially unable to review new ETFs, there could be room for launches to proceed.
The SEC has postponedits decision on whether to approve applications for spot Bitcoin ETFs to mid-October, highlights Reuters. Todd Sohn, ETF and technical strategist at Strategas Securities, noted that this delay only extends the ongoing deliberation surrounding spot Bitcoin ETFs. He suggested that both investors and issuers may already be growing impatientwith the process, so a shutdown only adds to the frustration. Analysts also cautioned that listed funds could face heightened volatility.
However, with the shutdown now avoided, a crypto enthusiast, Mike Dudas, wroteon X that he is looking forward to 6 Bitcoin ETF decisions by the SEC as they have no reason to postpone the decision anymore.
An earlier post on X by Eric Balchunas, a Bloomberg ETF analyst, notedthat Valkyrie has recently communicated that they will refrain from purchasing Ether futures until they become operational. Additionally, they have decided to sell the Ether futures they had previously acquired, possibly in an attempt to expedite the process. This move might be in response to pressure or warnings from the SEC.
Hector McNeil, co-CEO and founder of HANetf, emphasized that ETFs essentially act as pass-through vehicles. Therefore, any impact on the underlying markets will naturally have repercussions on the ETFs themselves.
Limited Profit Potential
The high price of a single Bitcoin has often made it a challenging investment for many individuals worldwide. That has led to a growing interest in finding alternative ways to invest in Bitcoin and mitigate the risks associated with directly purchasing the cryptocurrency.
One such alternative is a Bitcoin ETF, which allows investors to gain exposure to cryptocurrencies without the hassle of setting up a wallet or dealing with volatile exchanges. However, industry experts caution that Bitcoin ETFs are not without their risks, Gulf News highlights.
Brian Deshell, a UAE-based cryptocurrency trader and analyst, highlighted that while buying shares of a Bitcoin ETFprovides exposure to Bitcoin’s price movements, it may not necessarily fulfill all the desires of investors looking to access cryptocurrencies. He emphasized that investors should be confident that their money will be secure in a regulated product like a Bitcoin ETF. However, it hasn’t been proven to be an effective means to significantly grow one’s wealth in the crypto market, and progress in regulatory approvals has been limited.
Brody Dunn, an investment manager at a UAE-based asset advisory firm, noted that although a Bitcoin ETF isn’t a direct investment in cryptocurrency, it still carries risks due to its exposure to Bitcoin. He cautioned that individuals who assume that investing in Bitcoin ETFs will make it incredibly safe for them without conducting proper due diligence may face concerns.
Dunn acknowledged that the introduction of a Bitcoin ETF is positive for the overall Bitcoin and crypto market. However, he raised a concern that it may not necessarily benefit individual investors as much as it benefits institutional players. While an ETF may attract more institutional money into the market, the average investor may not experience the same level of benefit as intended.
Further SEC Delays on Crypto ETFs
Even though United States Representatives Mike Flood, Wiley Nickel, Tom Emmer, and Ritchie Torres have urged the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to promptly greenlight the listing of spot Bitcoin (BTC) exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the agency has, once more, postponed its decision.
The SEC has extended its decision deadlines for spot Ether ETFs from VanEck and ARK 21Shares to Dec. 25 and Jan. 10, respectively. GlobalX will have to wait until Nov. 21 for the commission’s decision on their application. In addition, the SEC pushed back the decision dates for spot Bitcoin ETF applications from Invesco, Bitwise, and Valkyrie to mid-January.
These recent delays occurred two weeks earlier than the anticipated second deadline for many applicants, who had initially expected to receive feedback from the securities regulator between Oct. 16–19. The timing of the delays may be linked to the narrowly averted U.S. government shutdown, which could have disrupted various federal agencies, including financial regulators.
In response to the delay of its spot Bitcoin ETF, Bitwise Asset Management submitted an amended application, addressing the SEC’s concerns regarding the product. In this revised application, Bitwise engaged with what the SEC called “the ‘mixed’ or ‘inconclusive’ academic record” on the lead-lag relationship between BTC futures and spot markets.
Meanwhile, multiple Ethereum futures exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have commenced trading in the United States. On Monday morning, investment firms, including ProShares, VanEck, Bitwise, Valkyrie, Kelly, and Volshares, collectively introduced nine ETFs on the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). That marks the first time trading of such ETFs related to Ethereum in the U.S. market.
ProShares introduced three funds in this launch: the Ether Strategy Fund (EETH), the Bitcoin and Ether Strategy ETF (BETH), and the Bitcoin and Ether Equal Strategy ETF (BETE). These funds offer investors different strategies for exposure to both Bitcoin and Ether.
Conclusion
In navigating the promising yet difficult terrain of crypto ETFs, it is essential to recognize the risks and challenges that lie beneath the surface. The centralization of crypto assets within these funds poses a threat to the very ethos of decentralization that underpins cryptocurrencies. Regulatory uncertainties and potential delays further compound the complexities surrounding this innovative financial instrument. Moreover, the limited profit potential due to fund structures and associated fees may not align with the expectations of some investors.
Prospective investors need to approach crypto ETFs with a discerning eye. A thorough understanding of the risks highlighted in this article is crucial in making informed decisions. Regulators need to prioritize transparency and provide clear guidelines for the creation and management of these funds. Likewise, investors should conduct extensive research, seeking diverse perspectives and expert opinions. Before committing capital to crypto ETFs, it is vital to weigh the potential benefits against the inherent risks.
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Tags: Bitcoin ETFEthereum ETF本文由 Reactive Network 中文社区译制,技术事实与边界以原文为准。 原文:https://blog.reactive.network/veritas-keeping-a-risk-score-true-as-copies-appear/ Veritas 是我们介绍 UHI9 Hookathon 六个项目中的第六个,也是最后一个。它把睿应式合约用在了一个此前项目都未涉及的场景中:当被衡量的对象悄然发生变化后,仍让链上保存的数值保持准确。完整项目代码托管在 GitHub,但仓库目前为私有状态,可能需要向所有者申请访问权限。项目网站可在这里查看。 Veritas 是一个服务于代币化内容资金池的 Uniswap v4 Hook。所谓代币化内容,可以是一张照片,也可以是其他已在链上登记、并围绕它建立资金池的媒体内容。 它要定价的是普通资金池通常忽略的一类风险:随着内容的副本和近似副本不断传播,原作赖以维持价值的稀缺性会被削弱,最终承担这部分损失的,是资金池中的流动性提供者——也就是存入两种代币、供其他用户进行兑换的人。 Veritas 为每项资产设置风险评分,并把它纳入资金池的兑换手续费:资产风险越高,手续费就越高,流动性提供者因承担风险而获得的补偿也越多。真正有意思的部分,也是 Reactive 参与其中的原因,在于这种风险究竟何时发生变化。 ● ● ● 01 风险来自别处 对普通自动做市商来说,一个持有独一无二照片的资金池,与一个持有一万份相同副本的资金池看起来完全一样。它无法识别稀缺性,也就无法为稀缺性消退带来的损失定价。 随着副本越来越多,内容价格会发生偏移,流动性提供者则要承担其中的差额,也就是无常损失:价格变动后,流动性提供者的最终处境比单纯持有两种代币更差。Veritas 会衡量一项内容被稀释的程度,将其汇总为单一风险评分,再让资金池手续费跟随这个评分变化。 但有一部分工作,Hook 无法独立完成。内容的稀释程度发生变化,并不是因为这项内容或其资金池自身做了什么,而是因为有人在别处登记了一个近似副本。 假设今天为一张原创照片创建证明——将它连同图像指纹一起登记到链上——此时它的副本数量为零。下周,一个近似副本也被登记,原作便在自身没有发生任何事件的情况下,突然变得不再像过去那样稀缺。 它的资金池没有发生交易,因此 Hook 没有运行;也没有人有理由再发送一笔交易,回头更新原作的记录。原本用于表示其风险的数值,就这样悄然失真了。 ● ● ● 02 睿应式合约监控什么 每项新内容都会被记录到 Unichain 上的注册合约中。登记发生时,注册表会发出一个 NewAttestation 事件。 Veritas 的睿应式合约 DilutionMonitorRC 部署在 Reactive 的 Lasna 测试网上,并订阅注册表发出的每一个此类事件,因为任何一项新证明,都有可能是某个既有内容的副本。 本系列此前介绍的项目,订阅的都是与单个资金池有关的事件。Veritas 则订阅整个注册表中新内容的出现,因为既有资产面临的风险正是从这里产生的。 Veritas 稀释风险评分更新流程 图中的 DRS 指资金池的稀释风险评分(Dilution Risk Score):它是 0 到 1 之间的单一数值,用来表示一项内容面临的复制风险,也是资金池手续费所跟踪的指标。 链上副本数量是其输入之一。因此,一项内容出现的近似副本越多,副本计数就越高,DRS 随之上升,资金池收取的手续费也会提高,以补偿流动性提供者承担的风险。 整个循环的目的,就是在新副本出现时让这个计数保持最新:注册表发出证明事件;Lasna 上的睿应式合约监听到事件,并转发新证明的 ID;随后,回到 Unichain 的回调会找到既有的近似副本,并提高它们的计数。 ● ● ● 03 从新证明到资金池重新定价 新证明到达后,react() 会运行。它有意只做一件很小的事:把新证明的 ID 转发给另一条链上的回调,仅此而已。它不会亲自搜索副本。 睿应式合约运行在受限环境中,无法以较低成本读取目标链保存的内容指纹,因此比较工作会留给更适合执行它的一侧。 真正的工作发生在目标链上的回调中。它读取新内容的指纹,向注册表查询已有记录中相似度足以被认定为近似副本的内容,再提高每条受影响既有记录的稀释计数。 该回调只监听 Reactive 官方回调代理发来的调用,注册表也只接受来自这一回调的计数增加请求。因此,唯一有权提高资产风险的合约,正是这条完整调用链末端的合约。 计数上升会推动评分变化:更高的稀释计数会抬高风险评分,资金池则会读取新评分,并在下一次兑换时立即收取更高的手续费。 这样一来,如果某个副本在上周悄然出现,让流动性提供者承担了额外风险,他们无需手动操作,也能因为继续承担这项风险而获得更多补偿。每次计数增加都被单独封装,因此即使某条记录被冻结或处于争议状态,也不会阻塞批次中的其他记录。 04 关于睿应层(Reactive Network) Reactive Network 是一个基于睿应式合约构建的 EVM 自动化层。睿应式合约是一类面向跨链、链上自动化的事件驱动智能合约。 网络采用 CometBFT 共识,在保持完整 EVM 兼容性的同时,提供即时最终性和约 1 秒的出块时间。 睿应式合约可以订阅多条 EVM 链上的事件日志。当匹配事件发生时,它们会自动执行 Solidity 逻辑,并自主决定何时发送跨链回调交易。这一模型可以支持条件式跨链状态变更,以及持续运行的跨链工作流。 🔗 原文内相关链接 [1] https://reactive.network/ [2] https://blog.reactive.network/ [3] https://x.com/0xreactive [4] https://t.me/Reactive_Network [5] https://discord.com/invite/SaZAfkgZhj [6] https://dev.reactive.network/ 一次构建——处处响应! 如何加入睿应层中文社群? 👉 请添加运营人员微信(Alc142)并备注【睿应层中文社群】
