SK hynix:你不该错过的 HBF 与 HBS 押注SK hynix 投资逻辑
既然 SK hynix(SKHY)终于在美国证券交易所上市,我想开始对这家公司进行覆盖。不过,我研究存储芯片股票已经很长时间了。2024 年 11 月,我曾写过一篇题为“更多内存将成为 AI 的关键”的文章。那篇文章讨论的是 Micron(MU),自从我给予其“买入”评级以来,股价已经上涨超过 800%。但从公司质量和未来前景来看,我认为 SK hynix 比 Micron 和 Samsung(SSNLF)都更优秀。
这也是为什么我一开始就给予 SK hynix“强烈买入(Strong Buy)”评级,因为我相信 HBF 和 HBS 将推动 SK hynix 主导未来的存储市场。
HBF vs. HBM vs. HBS
我认为,未来几年 HBM、HBF 和 HBS 将成为最重要的几类存储技术。HBM,也就是高带宽内存,已经获得了大量关注,因为它对 AI 工作负载非常重要。HBM 技术通过垂直堆叠 DRAM 来实现高带宽,换句话说,也就是实现更快的数据传输。目前 HBM 市场的主要参与者是 SK hynix、Micron 和 Samsung。有意思的是,中国目前仍然没有成功生产出具有竞争力的 HBM。在这三家供应商中,我认为 SK hynix 当前拥有最好的 HBM,这一点可以从其市场份额中得到验证。不过 Samsung 正在快速追赶,其市场份额仅用一年时间就从 15% 提高到了 33%。虽然 SK hynix 的市场份额目前仍然达到 50%,但如果这一趋势继续下去,Samsung 可能会进一步缩小差距。在我看来,未来 SK hynix 和 Samsung 很可能会主导整个市场,而 Micron 则可能以明显更小的市场份额位居第三。
另一个让 Micron 处于相对不利位置的因素是 HBF。SK hynix 正与 Sandisk(SNDK)共同投资这种新的闪存介质,而 Samsung 也在这一领域积极布局。至少目前来看,Micron 似乎并不打算投资 HBF。我认为这是一个错误,因为我相信 HBM + HBF 将会取代当前 HBM + DDR5 + SSD 的 AI 架构。HBF,也就是 High Bandwidth Flash(高带宽闪存),本质上是垂直堆叠的 NAND,它的优势在于每 GB 成本远低于 DRAM,同时延迟又低于 SSD。因此,从我个人角度来看,HBF 是一种重要演进,它将与 HBM 一起主导 AI 推理市场。这也是为什么我认为 SK hynix 和 Samsung 将成为未来主导存储市场的核心玩家,而 Micron 目前这种观望态度在我看来是一个错误。
另一个很有意思的存储介质是 HBS,也就是 High Bandwidth Storage(高带宽存储)。HBS 的思路是把 NAND 和 DRAM 结合起来,从而为边缘和移动应用提供一种更优解决方案。因此,这项技术并不是为数据中心设计的,而是为下一阶段做准备,也就是当 AI 开始运行在越来越多终端设备上的时候。目前,SK hynix 是唯一一家正在开发 HBS 的公司,这可能会为其带来显著的竞争优势和先发优势。
为什么我认为 SK hynix 是面向未来的最佳选择
Samsung 目前拥有一个优势,但这个优势正在逐渐减弱,那就是 Samsung 是一家规模巨大的综合型公司,可以在内部自行生产很多东西。尤其是 Samsung 能够生产市场上最优秀的一些 SSD,这一直给它带来很强的竞争优势。但和往常一样,竞争对手总会试图攻击这种竞争优势。如果 HBF 成功,而我预计它会成功,那么 Samsung 的一个主要竞争优势就会被削弱。
另一个机会来自 CXL。SK hynix 不久前展示了基于 DDR5 的内存池化概念。Samsung 也有自己的 CXL 产品。不过,CXL 会降低系统对于高性能 SSD 的依赖,而这应该会利好 SK hynix。
目前来看,凭借强大的 SSD 产品组合,我认为 Samsung 仍然拥有轻微优势。但我认为 SK hynix 面向未来的布局更好。凭借 HBM、HBF 和 HBS 产品组合,SK hynix 将能够覆盖未来 AI 存储市场几乎整个产品谱系,而我目前还没有在 Samsung 和 Micron 身上看到同样完整的布局。我也认为,SK hynix 正与 Nvidia(NVDA)共同开发面向 Physical AI 的下一代存储解决方案,这同样是支持 HBS 投资逻辑的一个强有力论据。就我个人而言,我相信未来 HBF 和 HBS 的市场规模甚至可能超过 HBM。听起来也许很疯狂,但我认为机器人对于存储的需求最终会超过数据中心。不过,这种情况是否会在当前这一轮存储周期内就发生,目前没有任何人可以百分之百确定。
估值
【原文图片位置:SK hynix 与 Micron 前瞻估值对比(YCharts)】
遗憾的是,Samsung 的存储业务并没有单独上市,因此我没有把 Samsung 纳入比较。最终,这个比较只包括 Micron 和 SK hynix。不过,从图中任何人都可以明显看到,这两家公司的前瞻估值倍数都极低。原因很简单,市场存在一种不理性的担忧,认为 2027 年存储价格或出货量会大幅下降。我认为这种担忧并不合理,因为各家公司管理层的表态以及资本开支预测都强烈指向相反的方向。
全球数据中心年度支出预计将从今年大约 8,000 亿美元增长至 2030 年的 1.1 万亿美元,并在 2050 年达到 1.8 万亿美元,这是 PwC 的预测。
考虑到 2030 年之前数据中心支出预计将超过 1 万亿美元,很明显,短期内市场并没有预计会出现明显放缓。我认为 2050 年的预测有些荒谬,因为没人能够看清 24 年后的未来。但我认为 2030 年的预测是现实的,甚至可能还有些保守。
韩国芯片制造商 SK hynix 周四表示,公司计划于 2029 年第三季度在 Indiana 工厂开始量产下一代 HBM4E 芯片,同时公司 CEO 表示,预计当前的存储芯片短缺将持续到 2030 年底。
当然,你不能盲目信任这些说法,但如果多位 CEO 都在谈论持续存在的存储短缺,那么可以合理推断,其中确实有一定真实性。因此,我认为 SK hynix 当前被低估,因为存储短缺仍将持续,而且我认为 SK hynix 会成为未来前景最好的存储公司。此外,我很幸运,我的券商允许我直接购买 SK hynix 的 GDR 和 ADR,这意味着我不需要支付额外的 ADR 溢价。但我也认为 ADR 本身仍然值得买入,虽然价格略高一些,但其前瞻市盈率仅为 6.2 倍,依然极其便宜。
我的投资逻辑面临的风险
除了那些显而易见的风险,例如供给过剩比预期更早出现之外,公司还面临执行风险。HBF 和 HBS 目前都还没有真正证明它们能够达到我对这两项技术的预期。虽然第一批原型产品看起来非常有前景,但最终商业成功依然存在不确定性。不过,这也正是投资如此有趣的地方。你需要尝试预测未来究竟哪些技术会主导市场。正因为如此,我对 SK hynix 的投资期限是 5 年以上,而不是短期投资,而遗憾的是,短线投资最近已经越来越成为市场趋势。
结论
从长期来看,我非常看好 SK hynix,因为在我看来,能够在未来 AI 发展中扮演如此重要角色的公司并不多。当前这家公司几乎具备我希望在一项投资中看到的所有要素:有吸引力的估值、强劲的未来前景、较高的进入壁垒,以及很可能持续存在多年的需求。
在我看来,SK hynix 正与 Nvidia 合作,为 Agentic AI 奠定基础,这将进一步提升公司的重要性。Jensen Huang 对未来有着惊人的判断力,而在我看来,与他或者他的预测反向下注,并不是一个好主意。
因此,总的来说,基于 SK hynix 当前作为 HBM 领导者的公司质量,以及按照我的判断其未来可能成为 Edge AI 领域领导者的潜力,我给予 SK hynix“强烈买入(Strong Buy)”评级。人工智能初创公司Highlight,获得四千万美元投资并任命新CEOAI生产力初创公司Highlight AI已筹集4000万美元(约合576亿韩元)资金,并任命了新的首席执行官。该公司宣布,在Khosla Ventures的主导下完成了A轮融资,其他多家投资机构也参与了本轮投资。此外,Highlight还聘请了前Discord产品副总裁谢尔盖·索罗金担任新任首席执行官。
Highlight于2024年从Medal Inc.分拆成立,致力于开发一款通过AI协助分析业务数据的桌面应用程序。用户可以上传极其复杂的文件(例如产品设计图)以生成简洁的自然语言描述。
该软件具备快速处理日常任务的功能,可自动生成会议笔记,或将分散在多个文件中的信息转换为待办事项列表。通过MCP工具,用户能够将Highlight中的数据同步至外部应用程序。
Highlight提供免费版本和每月20美元的Highlight Premium服务。高级计划支持访问OpenAI Group PBC及其他供应商的先进AI模型,用于自动化复杂任务或高速处理较简单的工作。
据该公司透露,该应用程序已被包括谷歌(GOOG)、DoorDash(DASH)等主要科技企业在内的超过50万用户采用。Highlight计划利用本轮投资扩展产品功能。目前工程师团队正在开发集成式团队记忆引擎,用于自动化涉及多工作人员与多应用程序协同的复杂任务,预计该功能可为每项任务节省多达数小时的时间。
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无论是渴望展现影响力的创业者,还是手握行业核心资源的观察者,Techub News双栏目与人物志计划将成为您的价值放大器。扫码添加小助手,提交您的加密身份档案——下一次行业认知革命,或许由您定义。Solana’s Strong Recovery in 2023: SOL vs ETH Ratio Hits Yearly HighsSolana had a strong association with FTX, and the latter’s collapse last year had significant repercussions for the SOL token. However, the seventh-largest crypto-asset has pursued a strong recovery this year.
According to Nansen’s latest analysis, SOL has been trending positively since the summer. In fact, the SOL vs ETH ratio was found to have been breaking higher, nearing highs not seen all year.
Since the collapse of FTX, SOL has declined more than ETH, meaning ETH has been the better coin to hold…
But since summer, SOL has been trending positively, with the SOL vs ETH ratio breaking higher, nearing highs not seen all year
Will this momentum continue? pic.twitter.com/aDhh0wY92q
— Nansen 🧭 (@nansen_ai) October 19, 2023
During the second quarter of 2023, the SEC filed regulatory complaints against Coinbase and Binance, both of which had listed SOL as a security alongside other assets.
As a result of these complaints, SOL experienced a significant 34% decrease in its price.
However, the token rebounded stronger than the other assets identified as securities by the end of the second quarter and maintained that positive momentum into the third quarter.
Following a brief decline, possibly attributed to the imminent liquidation of Alameda/FTX’s SOL, the crypto asset closedthe quarter with a market capitalization of $8.4 billion, reflecting a 17% increase quarter-over-quarter.
Particularly noteworthy is SOL’s outperformance compared to assets with similar market capitalization; it climbed from the 10th to the 7th position in market cap rank over the same quarter.
Additionally, Solana’s DeFi TVL increased 32% QoQ to $368 million, as a recent Messari reportwhile the growth is fueled by DeFi and liquid staking protocols rolling out points programs, led by MarginFi, Jito, Cypher, and BlazeStake, among others.
Moreover, the total revenue, including all fees accumulated by the protocol, jumped by 19% in USD and reached a whopping $4 million. This marked a 10% growth in SOL terms, amounting to 185,400 SOL.
Solana transaction fees were found to be among the “steadiest and cheapest” of all networks.
In the third quarter, the average non-vote transaction fee was $0.0002.
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Tags: Alameda ResearchFTX ExchangeSolanaSolana (SOL) Price
Bitcoin selloff by short-term holders spikes amid market fears, data shows high volume of losses in 2023Quick Take
A closer examination of the roughly 8,000 Bitcoins (BTC) transferred into exchanges on Oct. 12 reveals a heightened sense of trepidation among short-term holders, affirmed by trading activities highlighted in CryptoSlateinsights earlier today, Oct. 12.
Large-scale ‘whale’ activity, a trend seen throughout 2023, has often coincided with Bitcoin price fluctuations without an exclusive link to bullish or bearish events. However, short-term holders (STH) also play a crucial role in the Bitcoin economy.
Defined as investors who have retained Bitcoin forfewer than 155 days, STHs are often viewed as more speculative than long-term holders as they are often more price sensitive.
STH Bitcoin holders sold approximately 24,000 BTCat a loss to exchanges under unfavorable conditions. This activity marks the second-highest volume this year. Further, these investors typically entered the market when Bitcoin was trading above $29,000back in July and August.
The dread within the market was only more intense once this year on Aug. 17. On this day, the Bitcoin market took a significant hit, with the value plummeting from $30,000 to $26,000. Consequently, around 30,000 BTCwere sold at a loss by the same cohort.
Notably, the FTX collapse in November 2022 saw STH transfers peak to around 65,000 BTC.
Transfer volume from Short-term Holders in loss to exchanges (Source: Glassnode)
The post Bitcoin selloff by short-term holders spikes amid market fears, data shows high volume of losses in 2023appeared first on CryptoSlate.Bitcoin Remains Flat Despite US CPI Numbers for September Being Higher Than EstimatedAccording to the most common expectations, the September CPI numbers in the United States should have notched a year-over-year (YoY) increase of 3.6%.
The actual figures were indeed in that range, causing little-to-no price movements for Bitcoin (BTC) and the entire cryptocurrency market. More specifically, the latest CPI numbers indicated that inflation has slightly increased to 3.7%, which is still just above the general estimations.
Participants in the traditional finance sector and the cryptocurrency industry shifted their focus today (October 12) to the Consumer Price Index data (as well as the Core CPI numbers) that showcases the inflation rate in the world’s largest economy.
The former emerged at 3.7% for September (differing from the previous expectations by just 0.1%), whereas the latter (which excludes more volatile sectors such as food and energy) was at 4.1%, a slight decrease compared to the 4.3% recordedin August.
Previous occasions of CPI data announcements have historically impacted the price of bitcoin (BTC) and affected the entire cryptocurrency market (to a certain extent). However, this has not been the case for the past few months.
As of the moment, the primary cryptocurrency has not posted any substantial volatility and keeps trading at around $26,800, where it stood in the past few hours.
BTC Price, Source: CoinGecko
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Tags: BitcoinBitcoin (BTC) PriceUnited States
Bitcoin Still Number One Due to Higher Futures Premium, K33 ResearchBitcoin Still Number One Due to Higher Futures Premium, K33 Research
Source: Pixabay
A research conducted by K33 shows that Bitcoin still retains its top position as the most appealing cryptocurrency due to its higher premiums in futures trading.
Ether, the second most valuable crypto asset by market capitalization, is expected to play second fiddle once again due to the lower yields it would post in the derivatives market.
The researchers believethat the innate potential of Bitcoin operating as digital gold and the imminent launch of a spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund(ETF) could play crucial roles in why Ethereum is expected to underperform once more.
Giving even more background, K33 stated that sticking to Bitcoin is the safest option until a strong positive fundamental emanates from the Ethereum ecosystem.
While the chances of a sudden turnaround are not immediately expected, Bitcoin has solidified its hold on the crypto marketplace.
For one, BTC's dominance has grown to almost half of the crypto market despite a broader market downtrend.
Moreover, BTC has an open interest of 411,000 BTC, equivalent to approximately $11.6 billion in value.
The open interest volume has spiked 1.8% in the past seven days, although its spot volume has nosedived by 15% in that same period.
Bitcoin is also coming into more spotlight following Grayscale's open intentions to convert their Bitcoin Trust Fund into a spot Bitcoin ETF.
The courts are expected to rule on the asset manager's request on October 13, and K33 researchers argue that the courts would likely instruct US regulators to re-evaluate Grayscale's application.
The approval of a Bitcoin ETF could attract over $150 billion worth of capital into the crypto market over a period of years.
So far, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been previously averse to approving a Bitcoin ETF on multiple occasions.
According to the top financial regulator, market manipulation and improper price tracking of Bitcoin have been its weapons in defending against the barrage of requests.
However, it has been more open to offering futures contracts surrounding Bitcoin and Ether in the last few months.
Remarking on the expected ruling on Friday, K33 analysts postulated that there would be a strong positive reaction in the crypto market, although it might be for the short term.
This temporary lift-off would be driven by other asset managers having their applications on the SEC's table.
On the list of management firms hoping for the SEC's spot Bitcoin ETF blessings, Invesco, BlackRock, Bitwise, and Valkyrie, amongst others, make the team.
75% Chances of Approval by Year End
The SEC has deferred its spot BitcoinETF ruling for much of the last two years, rebuffing all attempts to sway its hand. However, changes are expected in the coming months.
Senior Bloomberg ETF Analyst Eric Balchunas stated on X (formerly Twitter) that the changes of the SEC approving a spot Bitcoin ETF application would hit 75% by the end of this year in response to a question by another user.
Furthermore, Balchunas said this figure will likely hit 90% by March 2024, the final deadline for BlackRock'sapplication.
Bitcoin Supply Metric Touches New All-Time High, Time For Reversal?Bitcoin has been named the best performer among asset classes in 2023, but the cryptocurrency is still struggling to break new levels in its price. Despite the current bearish sentiment, many analysts have hinted and predicted a bull runin the coming months, especially as the market awaits the approval of a spot Bitcoin ETF.
This has probably prompted many investors to hold on to their coins, as on-chain metrics have shown that the amount of Bitcoin supply idling recently reached a new all-time high.
Unmoved Bitcoin Supply Reaches Record High
The industry expects the SEC’s approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs to ignite the next bullish run for the price of Bitcoin. Although the SEC has so far rejecteda number of requests for Bitcoin ETFs, many analysts believe it will not be longuntil one is accepted.
Related Reading: Crypto Analyst Puts Litecoin Price At $84, Here’s The Timeline
Considering Bitcoin’s dominance of the entire crypto market capitalization, a spike in Bitcoin’s price is expected to flow into all other cryptocurrencies. As a result, investors have been keeping their holdingsin expectation of a future price increase.
Recent data has shown that 94.8% of the total Bitcoin supply has not moved in the past month, indicating a new all-time high for the metric.
JUST IN: 94.8% of the #Bitcoinsupply has not moved in the past month, a NEW ALL TIME HIGH 🚀 pic.twitter.com/bNa4MdFbKW
— Bitcoin Magazine (@BitcoinMagazine) October 10, 2023
Similarly, a recent post by on-chain intelligence platform Glassnode alerts revealed that the amount of HODLed or lost Bitcoin reached a 5-year high of 7,906,288.227 BTC.
📈 #Bitcoin$BTCAmount of HODLed or Lost Coins just reached a 5-year high of 7,906,288.227 BTC
View metric:https://t.co/dJK8rxBVD3pic.twitter.com/6OxLnd611f
— glassnode alerts (@glassnodealerts) October 6, 2023
The overall Bitcoin net flow into exchanges has decreased by 862.42 BTC ($23.27 million) in the past 24 hours, according to chart insightsprovided by IntoTheBlock. While this is relatively small compared to Bitcoin’s market cap, it shows investor mood might be changing into a bullish sentiment.
Source: IntoTheBlock
Time For Reversal?
Bitcoin’s price just rebounded up to $27,100 after failing to gain traction above the $27,800 resistance in the midst of escalating Israel-Hamastensions in the Middle East. Despite this, BTC still remains the best-performing investment asset this year, outperforming stocks and bonds with its year-to-date (YTD) return of 63.3%.
Related Reading: Crypto Analyst Identifies 6 Overlooked Altcoins That Could Be Due For A Price Surge
Some investors view unmoved Bitcoinas a sign of solid faith in the network and adoption of a long-term mindset. Whatever the reason, Bitcoin’s unmoved supply metric is worth watching as an indicator of holder sentiment and potential future price pressure.
Recent happenings, particularly the tension of an oncoming recession in the US, have prompted billionaire hedge fund manager Paul Tudor Jones to assert that this is the best time to buy Bitcoin.
BTC still holding above $27,000 | Source: BTCUSD on Tradingview.com
Featured image from Shutterstock, chart from Tradingview.com
Tags:bitcoinBitcoin newsBitcoin supplyBTC newsbtcusdBTCUSDT
E-naira Not A Threat - Nigeria’s Central Bank Replies to Critics, Highlights Use CasesE-naira Not A Threat - Nigeria’s Central Bank Replies to Critics, Highlights Use Cases
Source: AdobeStock / Faraz
The e-naira continues to generate controversy on its adoption rate, use cases, and more recently, claims by some observers on the threat it poses to the economy.
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has publicly backed its digital currency the e-naira which it released to rival the growing popularity of private cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC).
In an Oct 9 press release, the nation’s top banking regulator stated that the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is not a threat to financial stability urging all stakeholders to accept its use.
On Oct 4, local news outlet Punchreported on the dangers posed by the e-naira. It cited the CBN’s report, “Economics of Digital Currency, " whichwarned about conversions from fiat to digital currency.
The report suggests that the economy may be impacted as funds converted to digital wallets become domiciled with the top bank without access to commercial banks for loans and other financial activities.
“Since its inception, bank deposit conversion to e-naira has exhibited an average monthly growth of 78.3 percent and totaled about N1.66bn [$2.1 million]. Furthermore, eNaira in circulation as a ratio of average banking system liquidity has averaged 0.1 percent, reaching highs of 0.2 percent in each of May and August 2022.”
CBN backs the e-naira
In the bank’s response, the stated in clear terms that its previous report does not indicate any harmful effect of the e-naira on the economy suggesting a lack of understanding of the report.
The central bank also restated the threat posed by private cryptocurrenciesto the economy based on their use as speculative investments.
“A recurring theme in the book is the interest of regulators, such as the CBN, in the role of cryptocurrencies as speculative investments, and the potential threat they harbour for financial stability. Pursuant to that, the articles in the book provide an in-depth understanding of CBDCs generally and the workings of the eNaira in particular, highlighting issues and challenges in implementation and adoption”
Use cases to grow
Per the press release, the bank added that it will continue improving the e-naira in structure and user interfaces across multiple platforms.
Recently, several use cases have been announced for the e-nairaas it seeks to make payments easier for traders, farmers, and students.
On the economy, the digital currency has been hailed by financial experts for widening the tax net as it adds new demographics who were almost absent from the economy leveraging on the blockchain.Bitcoin’s Long-Term Holder Supply Hits All-Time High as Short-Term Holder Supply Declines: BitfinexOn-chain metrics show that Bitcoin is witnessing a significant shift in investor dynamics as the supply transition is changing in favor of long-term holders.
According to the 75th edition of theBitfinex Alpha Report, long-term Bitcoin holder supply has increased by more than one million bitcoin (BTC) since April 13, 2023, while short-term holder supply has declined by nearly one million BTC within the same period.
Bitcoin Sees Shift in Investor Dynamics
Bitfinex analysts defined short-term holders (STHs) as investors who have held BTC for less than 155 days, while long-term holders (LTHs) have held the asset for 155 days or more. While STHs reduced their holdings from April 13 till date, LTHs increased theirs.
On one particular occasion, between September 25 and 26, there was a significant drop of 200,000 BTC on the part of STHs. Within the same period, LTHs saw an increase of 200,000 BTC. Bitfinex analysts believe this is typical behavior for the investor cohorts as STHs usually sell to capitalize on profits or mitigate losses, while LTHs increase their holdings due to their belief in BTC’s long-term potential.
Due to the shift in dynamics, LTH supply is now at an all-time high, while STH supply has dropped to levels seen in roughly eight years. Bitfinex said the gap worsened in the past few weeks as many STHs liquidated their spot positions and realized small profits as BTC spikedto $28,500 at the beginning of the month.
Bitcoin Volatility to Remain Heightened For October
Last week, Bitfinex saidmany market indicators showed that multiple investor cohorts were in a HODL phase, positioning themselves for a potential bull run. This time, the crypto exchange thinks bitcoin will experience heightened levels of volatility in October because the crypto asset started the month with “a bang,” with its 24-hour volatility increasing by over 340% on October 2.
“With volatility spilling over from the US stock market to Bitcoin and other crypto assets, we currently see isolated high volatility events continue to rise, and with historical volatility sustaining above crucial averages, this trend is likely to continue. Additionally, the options market is currently pricing in more volatility for BTC as in the past,” Bitfinex analysts said.
Meanwhile, BTC appears to have decoupled from major U.S. indices. This is evident in the asset’s price reaching the bottom of its current range sometime before the S&P 500, which just bounced off the 4200 points level.
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Tags: BitcoinSK hynix 投资逻辑 既然 SK hynix(SKHY)终于在美国证券交易所上市,我想开始对这家公司进行覆盖。不过,我研究存储芯片股票已经很长时间了。2024 年 11 月,我曾写过一篇题为“更多内存将成为 AI 的关键”的文章。那篇文章讨论的是 Micron(MU),自从我给予其“买入”评级以来,股价已经上涨超过 800%。但从公司质量和未来前景来看,我认为 SK hynix 比 Micron 和 Samsung(SSNLF)都更优秀。 这也是为什么我一开始就给予 SK hynix“强烈买入(Strong Buy)”评级,因为我相信 HBF 和 HBS 将推动 SK hynix 主导未来的存储市场。 HBF vs. HBM vs. HBS 我认为,未来几年 HBM、HBF 和 HBS 将成为最重要的几类存储技术。HBM,也就是高带宽内存,已经获得了大量关注,因为它对 AI 工作负载非常重要。HBM 技术通过垂直堆叠 DRAM 来实现高带宽,换句话说,也就是实现更快的数据传输。目前 HBM 市场的主要参与者是 SK hynix、Micron 和 Samsung。有意思的是,中国目前仍然没有成功生产出具有竞争力的 HBM。在这三家供应商中,我认为 SK hynix 当前拥有最好的 HBM,这一点可以从其市场份额中得到验证。不过 Samsung 正在快速追赶,其市场份额仅用一年时间就从 15% 提高到了 33%。虽然 SK hynix 的市场份额目前仍然达到 50%,但如果这一趋势继续下去,Samsung 可能会进一步缩小差距。在我看来,未来 SK hynix 和 Samsung 很可能会主导整个市场,而 Micron 则可能以明显更小的市场份额位居第三。 另一个让 Micron 处于相对不利位置的因素是 HBF。SK hynix 正与 Sandisk(SNDK)共同投资这种新的闪存介质,而 Samsung 也在这一领域积极布局。至少目前来看,Micron 似乎并不打算投资 HBF。我认为这是一个错误,因为我相信 HBM + HBF 将会取代当前 HBM + DDR5 + SSD 的 AI 架构。HBF,也就是 High Bandwidth Flash(高带宽闪存),本质上是垂直堆叠的 NAND,它的优势在于每 GB 成本远低于 DRAM,同时延迟又低于 SSD。因此,从我个人角度来看,HBF 是一种重要演进,它将与 HBM 一起主导 AI 推理市场。这也是为什么我认为 SK hynix 和 Samsung 将成为未来主导存储市场的核心玩家,而 Micron 目前这种观望态度在我看来是一个错误。 另一个很有意思的存储介质是 HBS,也就是 High Bandwidth Storage(高带宽存储)。HBS 的思路是把 NAND 和 DRAM 结合起来,从而为边缘和移动应用提供一种更优解决方案。因此,这项技术并不是为数据中心设计的,而是为下一阶段做准备,也就是当 AI 开始运行在越来越多终端设备上的时候。目前,SK hynix 是唯一一家正在开发 HBS 的公司,这可能会为其带来显著的竞争优势和先发优势。 为什么我认为 SK hynix 是面向未来的最佳选择 Samsung 目前拥有一个优势,但这个优势正在逐渐减弱,那就是 Samsung 是一家规模巨大的综合型公司,可以在内部自行生产很多东西。尤其是 Samsung 能够生产市场上最优秀的一些 SSD,这一直给它带来很强的竞争优势。但和往常一样,竞争对手总会试图攻击这种竞争优势。如果 HBF 成功,而我预计它会成功,那么 Samsung 的一个主要竞争优势就会被削弱。 另一个机会来自 CXL。SK hynix 不久前展示了基于 DDR5 的内存池化概念。Samsung 也有自己的 CXL 产品。不过,CXL 会降低系统对于高性能 SSD 的依赖,而这应该会利好 SK hynix。 目前来看,凭借强大的 SSD 产品组合,我认为 Samsung 仍然拥有轻微优势。但我认为 SK hynix 面向未来的布局更好。凭借 HBM、HBF 和 HBS 产品组合,SK hynix 将能够覆盖未来 AI 存储市场几乎整个产品谱系,而我目前还没有在 Samsung 和 Micron 身上看到同样完整的布局。我也认为,SK hynix 正与 Nvidia(NVDA)共同开发面向 Physical AI 的下一代存储解决方案,这同样是支持 HBS 投资逻辑的一个强有力论据。就我个人而言,我相信未来 HBF 和 HBS 的市场规模甚至可能超过 HBM。听起来也许很疯狂,但我认为机器人对于存储的需求最终会超过数据中心。不过,这种情况是否会在当前这一轮存储周期内就发生,目前没有任何人可以百分之百确定。 估值 【原文图片位置:SK hynix 与 Micron 前瞻估值对比(YCharts)】 遗憾的是,Samsung 的存储业务并没有单独上市,因此我没有把 Samsung 纳入比较。最终,这个比较只包括 Micron 和 SK hynix。不过,从图中任何人都可以明显看到,这两家公司的前瞻估值倍数都极低。原因很简单,市场存在一种不理性的担忧,认为 2027 年存储价格或出货量会大幅下降。我认为这种担忧并不合理,因为各家公司管理层的表态以及资本开支预测都强烈指向相反的方向。 全球数据中心年度支出预计将从今年大约 8,000 亿美元增长至 2030 年的 1.1 万亿美元,并在 2050 年达到 1.8 万亿美元,这是 PwC 的预测。 考虑到 2030 年之前数据中心支出预计将超过 1 万亿美元,很明显,短期内市场并没有预计会出现明显放缓。我认为 2050 年的预测有些荒谬,因为没人能够看清 24 年后的未来。但我认为 2030 年的预测是现实的,甚至可能还有些保守。 韩国芯片制造商 SK hynix 周四表示,公司计划于 2029 年第三季度在 Indiana 工厂开始量产下一代 HBM4E 芯片,同时公司 CEO 表示,预计当前的存储芯片短缺将持续到 2030 年底。 当然,你不能盲目信任这些说法,但如果多位 CEO 都在谈论持续存在的存储短缺,那么可以合理推断,其中确实有一定真实性。因此,我认为 SK hynix 当前被低估,因为存储短缺仍将持续,而且我认为 SK hynix 会成为未来前景最好的存储公司。此外,我很幸运,我的券商允许我直接购买 SK hynix 的 GDR 和 ADR,这意味着我不需要支付额外的 ADR 溢价。但我也认为 ADR 本身仍然值得买入,虽然价格略高一些,但其前瞻市盈率仅为 6.2 倍,依然极其便宜。 我的投资逻辑面临的风险 除了那些显而易见的风险,例如供给过剩比预期更早出现之外,公司还面临执行风险。HBF 和 HBS 目前都还没有真正证明它们能够达到我对这两项技术的预期。虽然第一批原型产品看起来非常有前景,但最终商业成功依然存在不确定性。不过,这也正是投资如此有趣的地方。你需要尝试预测未来究竟哪些技术会主导市场。正因为如此,我对 SK hynix 的投资期限是 5 年以上,而不是短期投资,而遗憾的是,短线投资最近已经越来越成为市场趋势。 结论 从长期来看,我非常看好 SK hynix,因为在我看来,能够在未来 AI 发展中扮演如此重要角色的公司并不多。当前这家公司几乎具备我希望在一项投资中看到的所有要素:有吸引力的估值、强劲的未来前景、较高的进入壁垒,以及很可能持续存在多年的需求。 在我看来,SK hynix 正与 Nvidia 合作,为 Agentic AI 奠定基础,这将进一步提升公司的重要性。Jensen Huang 对未来有着惊人的判断力,而在我看来,与他或者他的预测反向下注,并不是一个好主意。 因此,总的来说,基于 SK hynix 当前作为 HBM 领导者的公司质量,以及按照我的判断其未来可能成为 Edge AI 领域领导者的潜力,我给予 SK hynix“强烈买入(Strong Buy)”评级。
